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  • Pronunciation Guides
    • Vowels
    • Consonants
    • Consonant Clusters & Other Sounds
    • Preaspirated Consonants
    • Quick Explanations of the Sounds “ay” & “ke”
  • My Learning PLACE
    • Greetings & Departures
    • Everyday Words
    • Inside the House
    • Animals & Birds
    • Kitchen, drinking & eating items
    • Drinks, Soups And More
    • Animate & Inanimate Concepts
    • Peewaalia Verb Types
    • Verb Type Endings & Usage Aspects
  • Moons
  • Resources
    • Childrens Number Book
    • Go and Find Him Card Game
    • Go and Find Him Coloring Pages
    • Peoria Calendar
    • Peewaalia Memrise course
    • Student Course Information
    • Reclaiming Stories Symposium
  • Contact

Peewaalia Verb Type Endings & Usage Aspects

Verb Type Endings & Usage Aspects

On this page you will find verb type endings (also called verb conjugation endings or verb endings for short) and how they are used. This page builds on the Peewaalia Verb Types page by showing the verb endings used to conjugate verbs for each verb type, so you can see how those endings work in actual Peewaaliaataweenki usage.

Because verb type endings are also tied to the animacy of the noun(s) or concept they go with, it may also be helpful to read the Animate & Inanimate Concepts page. These pages together will help you better understand why certain verb types and endings are used in Peewaaliaataweenki.

These endings join onto the verb stem — the basic verb form before any endings are added — to finish the verb, turning it into a full word with a clear, complete idea and meaning. Example: the stem neew- (see him – animate transitive verb) + the animate transitive verb ending -aki (I / me →do verb to→ him / her) = neewaki (I see him).

In the charts below you will mainly see the endings themselves — the most commonly used endings, not the full list of endings — listed for each Peewaalia verb type, along with short notes about how they are used. Under the charts you will also see a few example verbs with these endings, to give you a quick look at how they sound and work. This will help you connect the endings you see here with real Peewaalia verbs and usage. For more examples and fuller practice, visit the Peewaalia Verb Types page and other lesson pages on this website.

Note for learners: Before you look at the verb charts below, keep in mind that Peoria language has some special spelling rules for how verb endings attach to the verb stem. Sometimes a “y” is added before endings on certain stem-final vowels, sometimes the Peoria double vowels “ee” and “ii” change to “i”, and other small changes can happen before the verb endings. In weak/odd syllables the single “e” on the verb ending will change to a single “i”. These patterns can be different for many verb types. Future pages will explain these rules for each verb type in more detail, but you can already see many of these changes in the example verbs shown throughout this website.
Table of Contents

Animate Transitive Verb Conjugation Endings

Animate subject does the verb to an animate object.

Peewaalia

English

Audio

-elaani

I / me → you
first-person singular does verb to second-person singular

-aki

I / me → him / her
first-person singular does verb to third-person singular

-iyani

you → me
second-person singular does verb to first-person singular

-aci

you → him / her
second-person singular does verb to third-person singular

-ici

him / her → me
third-person singular does verb to first-person singular

-ehki

him / her → you
third-person singular does verb to second-person singular

-aaci

him / her → him / her
third-person singular does verb to third-person singular

-elakoki

I / me → you (plural)
first-person singular does verb to second-person plural
(-elakoki = when the a in the syllable -lak- falls in a weak / odd syllable position)

-elakakoki

I / me → you (plural)
first-person singular does verb to second-person plural
(-elakakoki = when the a in the syllable -lak- falls in an even / strong syllable position)

Example Animate Transitive Verbs with these endings

Peewaalia

English

Audio

neewaki

I see him, I see her

noontawaci

you hear him / her, you understand him / her

aalimiihtoolakoki

I cook for you(plural)

teepaalilakakoki

I love you(plural)

eehsaki

I have him/her, I put him/her

For more verbs using these endings, see the Animate Transitive Verbs section on the Peewaalia Verb Types page

 

 

Animate Intransitive Verb Conjugation Endings

Animate subject does the verb, or the verb is about (describes) the animate subject; there is no object in this verb type.

Peewaalia

English

Audio

-aani

I
[do verb / verb about]
First-Person Singular

-ani

you
[do verb / verb about]
Second-Person Singular

-eekwi / -iikwi

you (plural)
[do verb / verb about]
Second-Person Plural

-ci / -ki

he or she
[do verb / verb about]
Third-Person Singular

-waaci / -oowaaci

they
[do verb / verb about]
Third-Person Plural

-aanki

we (exclusive)
[do verb / verb about]
First-Person Plural Exclusive

-ankwi

we (inclusive)
[do verb / verb about]
First-Person Plural Inclusive

Example Animate Intransitive Verbs with these endings

Peewaalia

English

Audio

weehsiniaani

I am eating, I ate

eenihiweeyani

you win, you won

eenseensici

he / she is bright green

iihkwaahkosici

he is short, she is short

weenkilici { for animate food }

he (animate food) tastes good, he is tasty, he is good to eat { for animate food }

For more verbs using these endings, see the Animate Intransitive Verbs section on the Peewaalia Verb Types page.

Inanimate Transitive Verb Conjugation Endings

Animate subject does the verb to or with an inanimate object.

Peewaalia

English

Audio

-aani

I → it
first-person singular does verb to or with an inanimate object

-ani

you → it
second-person singular does verb to or with an inanimate object

-eekwi / -iikwi

you (plural) → it
second-person plural does verb to or with an inanimate object

-ki

he or she → it
second-person singular does verb to or with an inanimate object

-waaci / -oowaaci

they → it
third-person plural does verb to or with an inanimate object

-aanki

we (exclusive) → it
first-person plural exclusive does verb to or with an inanimate object

-ankwi

we (inclusive) → it
first-person plural inclusive does verb to or with an inanimate object

Example Inanimate Transitive Verbs with these endings

Peewaalia

English

Audio

meeciaani

I eat it, I ate it

neemaani

I see it

neemani

you see it

weelaalaansamaani

I color it, I make it a color

eehtooyani

you have it, you put it

For more verbs using these endings, see the Inanimate Transitive Verbs section on the Peewaalia Verb Types page.

Inanimate Intransitive Verb Conjugation Endings

The verb describes an inanimate subject, the action of an inanimate subject, or an inanimate condition or happening; there is no object in the verb.

Peewaalia

English

Audio

-ki
with initial change & -ki ending

used to make general statements (past/present) & w/h questions

sound: kig without the g, kick without the ck

-wi
no initial change & -wi ending

used for all other instances such as with:
kati (future & other markers)
-nko (yes/no questions) [a few exceptions can occur]
negatives

sound: wig without the g, wick without the ck

Initial change is when the initial vowel (the first vowel in the stem) changes

Further examples, rules, and details on Inanimate Intransitive Verb endings and usage aspects:

with initial change & -ki ending

Peewaalia

English

Audio

peetilaanki

it is raining, it rains

weenkanki

it tastes good, it’s tasty

eetakinki

it is wet

no initial change & -wi ending

Peewaalia

English

Audio

piitilaanwi

it is raining, it rains

wiinkanwi

it tastes good, it’s tasty

atakinwi

it is wet

Inanimate Intransitive Verb with initial change & -ki ending:

When Inanimate Intransitive Verbs are used in general statements or in what, who, where, why, which, how type questions (w/h questions), it will have the initial change in it and the -ki ending. (Inanimate Intransitive Verb -ki ending will always have initial change.)

Peewaalia

English

Audio

noonki kaahkiihkwe peetilaanki

it is raining today

keetwi weenkanki

what tastes good?

taanaaha eetakinki

where is it wet?

Inanimate Intransitive Verb with no initial change & -wi ending:

When Inanimate Intransitive Verbs are used with all other usage aspect instances such as, kati (future & other markers), -nko (yes/no questions), negatives, there is no initial change, and it will have the -wi ending. (Inanimate Intransitive Verb -wi ending will always have no initial change.)

Peewaalia

English

Audio

kinšimi kati piitilaanwi

it is going to rain soon

wiinkanwinko

does it taste good? is it tasty?

atakinsiinoowi

it is not wet

For more verbs using these endings, see the Inanimate Intransitive Verbs section on the Peewaalia Verb Types page.
For all Peewaalia Verb Types see — Peewaalia Verb Types page.  To understand how animacy shapes which verb are used, and the animacy of nouns that go with it, see the Animate & Inanimate Concepts page.

Keep learning — Choose your next Peewaalia lesson

Learn More →

Lesson 4

Animals & Birds

Learn More →

Lesson 7

Animate & Inanimate Concepts

Learn More →

Lesson 6

Drinks, Soups And More

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